Intrepid
发表于 2025-3-28 17:01:46
t decide how much of their resources (ranging from nil to a level that results in postreproductive death) to devote to the behavioural, physiological and energetic components of reproduction with possible costs to future growth and survival. Third, they must decide whether to partition these resourc
温顺
发表于 2025-3-28 20:34:36
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模范
发表于 2025-3-29 01:40:52
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步履蹒跚
发表于 2025-3-29 05:51:50
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88721-5ugh to contribute to recruitment, no matter how recruitment is defined. The challenges faced by fish larvae are especially arduous and numerous because of their relatively small size, which limits their abilities to thwart predators, starvation, and transport to detrimental environs (Miller ., 1988;
Mendicant
发表于 2025-3-29 09:17:25
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免费
发表于 2025-3-29 14:42:16
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13446-7his inverse relationship is believed to be particularly strong during the early life stages. This has been accepted as more or less axiomatic, both on theoretical grounds (Cushing, 1974; Rothschild, 1986) and because field observations demonstrate that mortality decreases with the age of the fish (Z
boisterous
发表于 2025-3-29 17:40:29
Wörterbuch zur deutschen Literatur as the early life history, the opportunity is high for selection to abruptly change the distributions of traits within a population. The critical issue, in such cases, is whether the phenotypes of survivors differ consistently from those of individuals that perish.
售穴
发表于 2025-3-29 23:36:27
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Chandelier
发表于 2025-3-30 00:54:12
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玩笑
发表于 2025-3-30 07:46:43
ensity-dependent factors that affect recruitment (Sissenwine, 1984; Rothschild, 1986; Fogarty ., 1991; Rose ., 1993; Houde, 1994). Recruitment (the number of fish entering the adult population) is believed to be determined in the first year of life for many fishes (Rothschild, 1986; Sale, 1990). Bec