柳树；枯黄
发表于 2025-3-30 12:17:28
Management of Biliary Strictures and Bile Duct Injuryted to the type of stricture (benign, malignant, or iatrogenic), the resectable nature of the stricture and surrounding area, and the need for other therapies including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapy in palliative biliary drainage. Endoscopic management of postoperative biliary
Accord
发表于 2025-3-30 14:27:51
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简洁
发表于 2025-3-30 17:49:27
Choledochal Cysts: Evaluation and Managementis is increasing. Early recognition and appropriate treatment are important due to risk of malignant transformation. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has a central role in diagnosis, surveillance, and even definitive therapy in a subtype of cysts. This chapter will review the pr