EVOKE 发表于 2025-3-21 19:49:49

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GRUEL 发表于 2025-3-21 21:04:09

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严厉批评 发表于 2025-3-22 02:17:53

The Theory of Catastrophes Before Poincaréed by Huygens.) Thus, Huygens essentially discovered the stability of cusps on caustics and wave fronts. Nowadays these singularities are connected with the pleats of the corresponding smooth mappings, and they belong to the most important applications of catostrope theory. Fig. 7 was discussed by Cayley (1868b).

极端的正确性 发表于 2025-3-22 08:23:15

The Theory of Bifurcations in the Work of Poincaréscover of the normal form of a symplectic structure) created the general method of normal forms, which leads to the classification of catastrophes if one applies it to functions instead of to differential equations.

neolith 发表于 2025-3-22 12:48:16

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LOPE 发表于 2025-3-22 15:31:30

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LOPE 发表于 2025-3-22 20:26:22

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Custodian 发表于 2025-3-22 22:52:29

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妈妈不开心 发表于 2025-3-23 05:11:18

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轻触 发表于 2025-3-23 07:32:00

Physicists’ Treatment of Catastrophes Before Catastrophe Theoryt calculations. (1974) in an article “Nobel prizes for catastrophes” points out many examples of acknowledged physical achievements, whose authors, independently of one another, used ideas formalized later in singularity theory.
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查看完整版本: Titlebook: Dynamical Systems V; Bifurcation Theory a V. I. Arnol’d Book 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1994 Bifurcation Theory.Bifurkationsthe