实施生效
发表于 2025-3-26 21:55:48
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现任者
发表于 2025-3-27 01:50:49
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71711-9 kindness and sympathy towards their charges, sailed no more on government-chartered ships. However, the letters and diaries of emigrants suggest that most wholeheartedly believed that the regulations were policed for their own benefit, and many competed for the privilege of becoming one of the ship
jaundiced
发表于 2025-3-27 05:48:47
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精美食品
发表于 2025-3-27 10:31:17
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光明正大
发表于 2025-3-27 15:11:45
,‘A most efficient body of officers’: Surgeon superintendents and their responsibilities,rtered vessel from 1831, and official procedures as set down in each Charter Party, went much further than the Passenger Acts. The surgeons’ performances were strictly scrutinised unlike those of their peers on private ships, although on the Australian route most private shippers of fare-paying stee
兴奋过度
发表于 2025-3-27 18:37:33
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cunning
发表于 2025-3-28 00:25:11
,‘The mother’s milk generally fails them in about six weeks’: Infant and child health,ontemporary standards these were people who belonged to the upwardly aspiring poor, able to save towards their own passage . her generously subsidised scheme. Asked for her comments by the Select Committee, she argued that infants required more fresh air than adults to enable them to thrive. In her
infarct
发表于 2025-3-28 06:01:30
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弓箭
发表于 2025-3-28 08:17:44
,‘It would be very satisfactory to land them all in good health’: Emigrants and their superintendent, from one hemisphere to the other over the longest oceanic route in the age of sail. On this ship, chartered against the better judgement of the Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners just three months earlier, twice the usual complement of steerage passengers were aboard. They were housed in t
FLOAT
发表于 2025-3-28 11:32:59
,‘May it be the last of our sorrows’: Disease and death at sea,mortality on ships that suffered epidemics distorts the average annual death rates for the colonial period, and it is the distress and horror of these atypical voyages that resonate in historical memory. The tendency to extrapolate from these, and from the tragic passages of the Atlantic ‘coffin shi