FLAW
发表于 2025-3-21 18:15:58
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媒介
发表于 2025-3-21 21:35:01
Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited 1992
文字
发表于 2025-3-22 01:38:45
Book 1992f international finance. This collection of essays, by representatives of donors and recipients as well as independent observers, suggests that because of recipients‘ increased bargaining power, such an improvement has seldom resulted.
云状
发表于 2025-3-22 08:07:48
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CRASS
发表于 2025-3-22 09:43:21
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44125-8early half a century, it has in the last decade been applied by both the World Bank and by most bilateral agencies to that growing proportion of their expenditure which goes in the form of programme assistance, or general balance-of-payments support. In recent years, the scope of conditionality has
FLOAT
发表于 2025-3-22 14:06:51
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46157-7ic restructuring in order to restore sustainable economic growth. Controversy about the role of the IFIs and the bilateral donors has focused on their use of conditionality to promote policy change. While conditionality has dominated discussions of IFI and donor activities in Africa in recent years,
FLOAT
发表于 2025-3-22 18:50:09
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extemporaneous
发表于 2025-3-22 22:31:14
Great Plains Societal Considerationsustment to the governments of developing countries, discussions of the political aspects of structural adjustment were very much . They were not on the formal agenda of debate. To the extent that politics was discussed clandestinely, however, a clear conventional wisdom existed about how the politic
embolus
发表于 2025-3-23 03:38:01
Great Plains Regional Technical Input Reporticulties. But there is broad agreement that a government’s own commitment and capacity to cope with domestic political pressures are crucial to effective economic adjustment and reform. In the past few years the international development cornmunity has placed growing emphasis on host country ‘owners
Geyser
发表于 2025-3-23 06:03:03
Vinod K. Aggarwal,Margaret A. T. Kenneysbursement of a loan to understandings concerning the economic policy which the government of the borrower country intends to pursue — has been an important component of the mechanism by which international financial institutions attempt to regulate the behaviour of the world economy. Since its foun