绝缘
发表于 2025-3-23 12:38:51
Charities,or restructuring) and development. It begins with the most ‘official’: those created from above, according to the standard Soviet organizational model. The extent to which an organization was controlled by the CPSU was for many purposes its most important characteristic. However, as . progressed and
ASSAY
发表于 2025-3-23 14:36:22
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Osteons
发表于 2025-3-23 18:39:19
The Communist Response,ow officials and volunteers often thought in zero-sum terms — assuming a gain for one side was a loss for the other — Chapter 7 analyses the reactions of communist authorities, Chapter 8 the organizations’ role in building political and civil society. It assesses how much ground the communists had l
轻浮思想
发表于 2025-3-23 23:40:01
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巧思
发表于 2025-3-24 04:19:35
Conclusions and Epilogue,exist in a socialist state. The state would provide. However, the truth of this claim was increasingly open to question. Before 1985, individuals recognized that the state was unable to meet need in specific cases; among disabled people, there seems to have been widespread understanding that this wa
牙齿
发表于 2025-3-24 10:03:25
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相互影响
发表于 2025-3-24 12:54:55
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勤勉
发表于 2025-3-24 15:38:58
Conclusions and Epilogue,s part of a more general problem with state welfare provision. Under Gorbachev, . made clear to the public at large the extent of this failure and exposed the fact that a growing complex of social problems had been simply ignored by the authorities.
睨视
发表于 2025-3-24 21:23:32
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有发明天才
发表于 2025-3-25 00:43:03
Charities,. The extent to which an organization was controlled by the CPSU was for many purposes its most important characteristic. However, as . progressed and party control weakened, ‘official’ became increasingly difficult to define.