有判断力
发表于 2025-3-21 19:49:21
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Narrative
发表于 2025-3-22 00:03:59
Point of Departure,ultures, and patterns of behavior and their impact on current efforts to build and consolidate democratic institutions. Studies of the transition to democracy in Africa usually begin with independence or colonial rule. Tocqueville knew better than to start his study of democracy in America with the
Tincture
发表于 2025-3-22 03:20:06
The Old Order and Colonialism,eties. Political entities like FoutaToro, Baol, Djolof, Cayor, Sine, Saloum, Gajaaga, and Gabou, which had functioned continuously for several centuries as sovereign polities in dealing with Europe, disappeared. (See Map 3.1.)
floaters
发表于 2025-3-22 06:11:24
Centralization and Democratic Despotism,ers were replaced, centralization was intensified. The opposition was squashed and often accused of collaborating with foreign powers. Liberties proclaimed in constitutions affirming the rights of man were snuffed out or shunted aside.
Mortar
发表于 2025-3-22 08:57:57
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Aromatic
发表于 2025-3-22 14:25:27
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Aromatic
发表于 2025-3-22 19:47:51
The Art of Association,als sharing common concerns, interests, and views had the freedom to organize civil associations to make their opinions heard and to influence government policy.. In democratic societies, civil associations engaged in a myriad of religious, moral, economic, commercial, social, cultural, intellectual
MENT
发表于 2025-3-22 21:14:50
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烤架
发表于 2025-3-23 04:34:26
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放弃
发表于 2025-3-23 06:20:14
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