mitral-valve
发表于 2025-3-23 12:30:32
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植物茂盛
发表于 2025-3-23 14:47:52
Delay Differential Equations of Ecological Systems with Allee Effectal equations of prey-predator systems with the Allee effect. The dynamic relationship between the prey and their predators has long been and will continue to be one of the dominant themes in ecology due to its universal existence and importance (see, e.g., [.,.,.,.]).
flammable
发表于 2025-3-23 18:13:14
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Inertia
发表于 2025-3-24 02:09:39
Fractional-Order Delay Differential Equations of Hepatitis C Virusy of the viral life cycle and incorporate a discrete time-delay to justify the short-run memory. The fractional order is also considered with existing model parameters to unify the units of the differential equations. We analyze the steady states and dynamical behavior of the model.
笨重
发表于 2025-3-24 03:07:58
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GULP
发表于 2025-3-24 08:13:02
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overshadow
发表于 2025-3-24 13:47:17
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miniature
发表于 2025-3-24 15:24:22
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moratorium
发表于 2025-3-24 22:57:51
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forthy
发表于 2025-3-24 23:39:59
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-93664-6Estimation of model parameters is generally performed via minimization of an objective function, which represents a selected fitting criterion. It is known that observations are usually inexact, i.e., contain an uncertainty related to the measurement errors, random effects, non-linearity effects, and unknown process contribution.