一个希拉里
发表于 2025-3-21 17:11:09
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Indent
发表于 2025-3-21 22:32:10
Astronomie + Physik = AstrophysikIn this section the formal syntax of first-order logic is defined. As for any natural or artificial language, we require on the one hand an alphabet on which the language is based, and on the other a grammar according to which sentences in the language are constructed.
incite
发表于 2025-3-22 04:22:31
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东西
发表于 2025-3-22 06:26:41
Syntax of First-order Languages,In this section the formal syntax of first-order logic is defined. As for any natural or artificial language, we require on the one hand an alphabet on which the language is based, and on the other a grammar according to which sentences in the language are constructed.
ENNUI
发表于 2025-3-22 10:51:53
Semantics of First-order Languages,Formulae, it must be remembered, are nothing more than words over an alphabet. But logical formulae were originally developed as a means of describing properties of mathematical structures, and so a reasonable semantics of a first-order language would be one which interprets its formulae in a concrete mathematical structure.
brassy
发表于 2025-3-22 14:04:54
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brassy
发表于 2025-3-22 20:42:49
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surrogate
发表于 2025-3-22 22:01:40
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饰带
发表于 2025-3-23 04:45:23
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06529-7as the investigation of the laws of human thought. With a collection of well-chosen axioms of logical deduction as a point of departure, Aristotle erected a theory of reasoning that endured nearly two thousand years before being developed further by such eminent logicians as Gottlob Frege (1848-1925
不能和解
发表于 2025-3-23 07:29:29
Mechanik und Gravitationstheorieamiliar to the reader, and so we do not provide a comprehensive treatment of them. Instead, our intent is to indicate briefly those ideas which will be used in later chapters, and to set the notation and terminology we will use in discussing them. For a more complete treatment of propositional and f