琐事
发表于 2025-3-27 00:37:18
Systems Theory in International Relations,ow one example of systems science employed in theory building in the social sciences. The subject area is international relations (IR), a discipline that has “traditionally” explored structure rather than processes, focusing on the structure of functional units. This chapter provides a particularly
辩论
发表于 2025-3-27 03:10:44
Building Models of Dynamic Processes,, which is in fact a model. Miller (1967) talked about formulation of chunks of information when a threshold of complexity was passed, and it was also noted in Chapter 2 that these are recursively updated as more information is received. This is conceptual or mental modeling, and in fact much of our
推崇
发表于 2025-3-27 09:00:37
Quantitative Cybernetics, that models could be used not only to describe processes, but also to predict outcome and provide explanation. A variety of forms of model representation were outlined and it was shown that system dynamics could be described in either qualitative or quantitative terms. In earlier chapters we develo
SPER
发表于 2025-3-27 12:18:03
http://reply.papertrans.cn/27/2640/263966/263966_34.png
设想
发表于 2025-3-27 15:19:21
http://reply.papertrans.cn/27/2640/263966/263966_35.png
LOPE
发表于 2025-3-27 20:32:05
Computer Safety, Reliability, and Securityis chapter, which continues to develop Theme C, we introduce a number of these approaches to “problem solving” each able to contribute in particular ways to deal with the complexities of modern society. Let us first set the scene.
雕镂
发表于 2025-3-27 22:40:53
CyberDS: Auditable Monitoring in the Clouds is impoverished. We therefore suggest a need to look for alternative paradigms that could support the study of IR toward the end of the chapter. The following account is based on an article by Ellison and Flood (1986). As this chapter is primarily a review, the terminology adopted in the reviewed articles has necessarily been used.
ICLE
发表于 2025-3-28 04:08:54
http://reply.papertrans.cn/27/2640/263966/263966_38.png
reflection
发表于 2025-3-28 09:49:25
http://reply.papertrans.cn/27/2640/263966/263966_39.png
Archipelago
发表于 2025-3-28 11:33:04
Quantitative Cybernetics,tion were outlined and it was shown that system dynamics could be described in either qualitative or quantitative terms. In earlier chapters we developed a good understanding of qualitative cybernetics. The focus of this chapter is a complementary view of dynamic system behavior which can be described in terms of quantitative cybernetics.