ARIA
发表于 2025-3-25 07:11:49
Nayef R. F. Al-Rodhan,Graeme P. Herd,Lisa Watanabe
声明
发表于 2025-3-25 11:34:24
Introduction,rising from the Iraq debacle and the failure of domino democratization to unfold as an inevitable consequence. Second, a wholly partial and fatalistic reading of current trends and dynamics in the region, with little thought given to the durability and depth of such trends, or policies and actions t
Carcinogen
发表于 2025-3-25 11:52:00
,The Historical Legacy — The Rise and Fall of the Golden Era, critical turning points, often brought to the surface by an event or a series of events, reflect broad political, economic, social and cultural processes. Their outcomes include a blow to the collective psyche, weakening and fragmentation of the region, and they prompt reactionary responses and ide
CLIFF
发表于 2025-3-25 16:14:13
Double Diplomacy and Betrayal,rtant repercussions for the future. The first was the false promises made by the British at the time of the Arab Revolt. Prior to the uprising, the British and Arab nationalists, particularly Sharif (meaning descendant of the Prophet Muhammad) Hussein Ibn Ali, appointed Amir of Mecca by Sultan Abdul
Horizon
发表于 2025-3-25 23:16:09
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dura-mater
发表于 2025-3-26 00:26:17
The Six-Day War and its Consequences,ies. In one day, the Israelis had destroyed the whole Egyptian air force. Five days later, they occupied the Gaza Strip, the Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank, East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights.. Again, these military actions were accompanied by huge movements of refugees, which would be a source of
思想流动
发表于 2025-3-26 04:32:54
The Iranian Revolution and its Aftershock,d no choice but to change direction. The question was whether they should liberalize further or, on the contrary, adopt more conservative policies. States that were determined to preserve domestic and regional stability opted for the second strategy — reinforced conservatism.
PTCA635
发表于 2025-3-26 09:22:23
September 11 and After,any Middle Eastern countries, including close strategic partners, and gave the impression of a greater divide between the West and the Muslim world. In addition, it unsettled the regional order, raising anxiety among rulers who feared the destabilization of the region. Most governments within the Mi
galley
发表于 2025-3-26 13:11:24
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intolerance
发表于 2025-3-26 17:43:36
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