绊住
发表于 2025-3-28 16:31:39
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冒烟
发表于 2025-3-28 20:28:32
Constituent Pileup Suppression Techniquescotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). However while much is known about the receptor mechanisms of nicotine actions several issues remain to be clarified. One is how the receptor-level action results in acquisition and maintenance of nicotine addiction. Another is what are the specific circuit l
烤架
发表于 2025-3-29 02:08:52
The Standard Model of Particle Physics habitual path to action. In computational terms, the latter is prominently associated with model-free reinforcement learning algorithms such as temporal-difference learning, and the former with model-based approaches. Due in part to the close association between drugs of abuse and dopamine, and als
MELD
发表于 2025-3-29 04:08:47
Performance of Missing Transverse Momentumference (TD) learning as a quantitative model for decision-making. In these theories, drugs of abuse create a non-compensable TD reward prediction error signal that causes pathological overvaluation of drug-seeking choices. However, the TD model is too simple to account for all aspects of decision-m
一再遛
发表于 2025-3-29 07:36:59
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55255-2ssociated unconditioned reward ‘wanted’ at that moment, and pulls an individual’s behavior towards those stimuli. The incentive-sensitization theory of addiction posits that permanent changes in brain mesolimbic systems in drug addicts can amplify the incentive salience of Pavlovian drug cues to pro
Perineum
发表于 2025-3-29 14:48:15
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AMOR
发表于 2025-3-29 17:00:06
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