磨碎 发表于 2025-3-26 22:40:29
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1793-5tuations due to either immunodeficiency or immunosuppression (Table 15-1). Immunodeficiency may be congenital or acquired. The latter occurs as a result of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causing a syndrome, commonly referred to as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which isARIA 发表于 2025-3-27 01:51:54
http://reply.papertrans.cn/23/2298/229726/229726_32.png表示向前 发表于 2025-3-27 05:26:50
Respiratory Specimen Types for Cytologic Diagnoses Specimen Procurement, Collection Methods, Specimesed the diagnostic yield of pulmonary malignancies and been very effective in the diagnosis of several nonneoplastic and infectious disease processes. Cytologic evaluation of one or more of the various specimen types (Table 2-1) is indispensable in clinical practice in the management of patients wit造反,叛乱 发表于 2025-3-27 10:50:05
Anatomy, Histology, and Cytology of Normal Components of the Lower Respiratory Tractonchial cartilage, smooth muscle, and other connective tissues are derived from this mesenchyme. The lungs are divided into lobes by fissures. The right lung has three lobes (i.e., upper, middle, and lower), whereas the left lung has two lobes (i.e., upper and lower). The lingula, a portion of the sinfringe 发表于 2025-3-27 15:41:04
http://reply.papertrans.cn/23/2298/229726/229726_35.pnginscribe 发表于 2025-3-27 21:11:43
Classification of Lung Tumors: An Overview of Lung Carcinomaszation (WHO) in 1967 and was revised 14 years later in 1981. A major change was proposed in subclassification of small cell carcinoma in 1988 by the pathology panel of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC). The most recent classification, referred to as the WHO/IASLC HisIncumbent 发表于 2025-3-28 00:04:04
http://reply.papertrans.cn/23/2298/229726/229726_37.png控诉 发表于 2025-3-28 05:54:48
Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors: Carcinoid Tumors, Atypical Carcinoids, Large Cell Neuroendocrine Cahe terminology. Some neoplasms are encountered more frequently than are others. Not all are identified in cytologic specimens, especially the preneoplastic neuroendocrine lesions that are included in the most recent World Health Organization (WHO) and International Association for the Study of LungLacunar-Stroke 发表于 2025-3-28 07:12:27
Large Cell Undifferentiated Carcinomauamous, glandular, or small cell (neuroendocrine) differentiation in routinely stained sections of the tissues or smears of the cytologic specimens. Extensive sampling of the tumors may exhibit focal differentiating features. The term . is also popularly used in order to separate the neoplasm from tIVORY 发表于 2025-3-28 13:49:47
Uncommon Tumors and Tumorlike Lesions of the Lower Respiratory Tract and Tracheal Lesionsnign and malignant tumors exists seldom encountered in the routine practice of surgical pathology and still more rarely in cytopathology. Nevertheless, they do make their appearance every now and then. In addition to these infrequently occurring neoplasms, some nonneoplastic disease processes in the