armistice 发表于 2025-3-23 10:35:49
http://reply.papertrans.cn/23/2227/222643/222643_11.pngrectum 发表于 2025-3-23 15:17:59
http://reply.papertrans.cn/23/2227/222643/222643_12.pngPET-scan 发表于 2025-3-23 19:08:26
http://reply.papertrans.cn/23/2227/222643/222643_13.pnggerrymander 发表于 2025-3-23 22:45:27
http://reply.papertrans.cn/23/2227/222643/222643_14.pngMeditative 发表于 2025-3-24 03:25:38
Prediction, difference in recidivism rates if parolees are given $600 per month for six months as against if they are given nothing; or the reduction of lung cancer deaths in middle aged smokers if they are given help in quitting cigarette smoking; or the decline in gasoline consumption if an additional dollar tax per gallon is imposed?大猩猩 发表于 2025-3-24 08:32:09
Book 1993 or to predict the outcomes of actions, experiments or policies. Much of G. Udny Yule‘s work illustrates a vision of statistics whose goal is to investigate when and how causal influences may be reliably inferred, and their comparative strengths estimated, from statistical samples. Yule‘s enterprise寡头政治 发表于 2025-3-24 12:34:51
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Organisation und Dekonstruktionion, and some considerations regarding ethical experimental design. We conclude with a reconsideration from the present perspective of the famous dispute over the causal conclusions that could legitimately be drawn from epidemiological studies of smoking and health.提炼 发表于 2025-3-24 22:06:18
http://reply.papertrans.cn/23/2227/222643/222643_19.pngHerd-Immunity 发表于 2025-3-25 02:26:03
The Design of Empirical Studies,ion, and some considerations regarding ethical experimental design. We conclude with a reconsideration from the present perspective of the famous dispute over the causal conclusions that could legitimately be drawn from epidemiological studies of smoking and health.