CLASH
发表于 2025-4-1 05:53:31
Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology, 1948 (34). The first use of cardiopulmonary bypass occurred on May 6, 1953, paving the way for more complex surgery and thus more complicated anesthetic management for cardiac patients. The need for a distinct subspecialty of cardiac anesthesia was recognized in the early 1970s, an event that has c
用树皮
发表于 2025-4-1 08:01:15
Preoperative Evaluation and Preparation of Cardiac Surgical Patients,nd mortality from surgery are higher in the cardiac patient, it is essential to evaluate all patients for cardiovascular diseases (118). Usually the diagnosis has been established previously and preoperative evaluation is required only to document the severity of the disease for perioperative manage
menopause
发表于 2025-4-1 10:20:31
Intraoperative Monitoring of Cardiac Patients,with the measurement of cardiac output and its derived parameters (235). In the past ten years, it has become an increasingly accepted part of cardiovascular surgery, and anesthesia and may be responsible for the general decline in morbidity and mortality (235). It is estimated that between 50% and