离开真充足 发表于 2025-3-25 05:15:29
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Pericardial Diseases,carditis is a result of an inflammatory process within the pericardium. In most cases of acute pericarditis the etiology is either idiopathic or viral. Other causes include systemic autoimmune disorders, neoplastic spread, uremia, trauma, irradiation, or bacterial infection. Acute pericarditis can aarmistice 发表于 2025-3-25 18:03:41
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Valvular Diseases,ic fever, or degenerative/calcific disease. The incidence of these various etiologies differs with age at presentation. In children, AS results from a congenital abnormality, either supravalvular or subvalvular lesions, or occasionally, a unicuspid valve in which two of the three commissures are fusInflamed 发表于 2025-3-26 03:03:53
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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7918-9ias may decrease cardiac output owing to heart rate alone in patients with a relatively fixed stroke volume. Loss of atrial contraction may cause a dramatic increase in pulmonary artery pressures in patients with hypertension and diastolic dysfunction. Similarly, tachyarrhythmias can decrease diasto