cleaver
发表于 2025-3-23 12:36:23
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0493-9atlantic slave trade, which led to the forced migration of approximately 5.5 million enslaved Africans (44% of the 12.5 million who went through the Middle Passage) between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries. After suppressing the traffic, intellectual and political elites sought to forget the c
padding
发表于 2025-3-23 14:08:05
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唤醒
发表于 2025-3-23 18:46:52
Maintenance of Buildings and Components, question is if it was a sign of the beginning of the long-expected deeper integration of Brazil with African countries. This chapter relies on trade data from 2000 to 2018 to offer some evidence and answers. Trade boomed during most part of this period mainly due to higher oil prices, the bulk of B
开花期女
发表于 2025-3-24 00:47:32
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14767-8 this process. It argues that Lula’s leadership and charisma mattered but only to a certain extent: whilst the Brazilian president believed in the benefits of strengthening the ties of Brazil to Africa and went out of his way to protect the interests of Odebrecht, he did not fully control the agenda
MEAN
发表于 2025-3-24 03:09:31
Bridging the Digital Divide: What Works?,pment cooperation and trade saw Brazil established as a major partner for the continent under the leadership of Lula’s PT administration. Subsequent governments increasingly dismantled many of the policies supporting this boom. However, this collapse, and what it signifies about Brazil’s Africa rela
Emg827
发表于 2025-3-24 07:43:10
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失败主义者
发表于 2025-3-24 11:59:43
Anne Pauwels,Joanne Winter,Joseph Bianco the twenty-first century, less has been said on Brazilian civil society role in participating and influencing this agenda. Seeking to enrich the growing scholarship shedding light on the institutional and/or partisan politics dimensions of the ‘African turn’ in Brazilian foreign policy under the Wo
outer-ear
发表于 2025-3-24 17:19:49
https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230206397 short period of time, it has also been followed by an equally quick turnaround which has led, as of 2020, to a visible disengagement on the ground. We explore the main travails in this domain, which have compromised much of the gains previously obtained throughout the continent. The chapter begins
IRK
发表于 2025-3-24 20:36:23
https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230206397ance in southern Africa. Instead, since the end of the presidency of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003–2010), Brazil has abandoned any attempt to influence the Lusophone arena, let alone the continent as a whole. In exploring the reasons why Brazil failed in Africa, the conclusion discusses the differ
越自我
发表于 2025-3-25 01:48:13
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