CHOKE
发表于 2025-3-26 23:00:46
Basic Science of Pain and Botulinum Toxin,on and safety profile. These unique features distinguish BoNT-A from other conventional and adjuvant analgesic drugs. Furthermore, BoNT-A diminishes only the pathological pain, without affecting the normal pain threshold. Preclinical data from several complex pain models suggested the central site o
Pert敏捷
发表于 2025-3-27 03:13:40
Botulinum Toxin Therapy in Medical Pain Disorders,the function of pain transmitters and modulators at peripheral and central levels. Recent studies in humans have demonstrated an analgesic effect in several pain disorders. In this chapter, the effect of BoNT therapy in different medical, human pain syndromes is reviewed. The level of efficacy in ea
covert
发表于 2025-3-27 08:36:11
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老巫婆
发表于 2025-3-27 11:32:26
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BILL
发表于 2025-3-27 14:04:53
Use of Botulinum Toxin A in Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction,Tissue expander-based breast reconstruction has been plagued with pain and discomfort. This chapter describes the use of botulinum toxin A in managing pain and discomfort in the breast reconstruction patients.
Induction
发表于 2025-3-27 19:38:23
Botulinum Toxins for Treatment of Pain in Orthopedic Disorders,s. Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) have been recently shown to possess analgesic effects leading to their extensive use in various situations, including pain control for orthopedic issues. This chapter presents information on BoNT treatment of five orthopedic disorders with available placebo-controlle
inconceivable
发表于 2025-3-28 01:56:34
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Debate
发表于 2025-3-28 02:40:51
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Synchronism
发表于 2025-3-28 10:00:45
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MOAN
发表于 2025-3-28 12:39:30
Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Gastrointestinal Disorders, this therapy. Botulinum toxin appears to be beneficial for achalasia, hypertensive esophageal disorders, and anal fissure and unclear utility in gastroparesis, upper esophageal sphincter dysfunction, and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. Very few placebo-controlled trials have been performed despite w