extract 发表于 2025-3-28 18:16:49

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gruelling 发表于 2025-3-28 21:21:46

,Data Types in “R”,: numeric and non-numeric..However, they can also be described more specifically. Numeric variables with no decimals (e.g. number/s of bypasses performed) are defined as “integers”. Non-numeric variables with two levels (e.g. male or female) are called “factors”, and with more than two levels “chara

Frenetic 发表于 2025-3-28 23:46:57

Data Distribution,f a standard normal distribution are and how to graphically and numerically ascertain if a variable is normally distributed. Histograms, quantile-quantile, boxplot and density plot are all important graphical tools to inspect for normality. This chapter will also explain the basics of ., the most us

Annotate 发表于 2025-3-29 04:12:04

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巨硕 发表于 2025-3-29 07:31:07

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FRET 发表于 2025-3-29 14:37:23

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大量 发表于 2025-3-29 19:31:34

Linear Regression,st in medicine are numeric, such as length of hospital stay, amount of bleeding, etc. The outcome of interest is also named the dependent or response variable. Intuitively, the independent variables or explanatory variables are the covariates that may influence the dependent variables. Independent v

浪费时间 发表于 2025-3-29 21:23:41

Logistic Regression,is .. Logistic regression is frequently encountered in scientific medical papers, but is also pivotal for machine learning. We use logistic regression when we are interested in classification, to compute the probability of the outcome of interest occurring with certain predictors. Notably, the outco

拍翅 发表于 2025-3-30 02:17:35

Time-to-Event Analysis,e outcome is mortality. For the latter, the outcome can be any binary event (i.e. cancer relapse, re-hospitalisation, etc.). Time-to-event/survival analysis is somewhat similar to logistic regression, since the outcome of interest is binary. Yet the underlying math is different, and for survival ana
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查看完整版本: Titlebook: Biostatistics With ‘R‘: A Guide for Medical Doctors; Marco Moscarelli Book 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exc