不能平庸
发表于 2025-3-21 19:59:34
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真实的人
发表于 2025-3-21 21:33:38
,From Empire to Peripheral Economy (1789–1840),failures that made difficult for Spain to keep its Empire under control. By 1827 it had lost most of it. The chapter explains the collapse of colonial trade, the most productive outcome of all American riches for metropolitan Spain; the collapse of the absolutist Treasury, unable to cope with so man
射手座
发表于 2025-3-22 01:41:01
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hankering
发表于 2025-3-22 08:33:18
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缓解
发表于 2025-3-22 10:25:05
,Import Substitution Industrialization (1951–1959),ern Europe’s successful post-war reconstruction, it had to move to a less rigid scheme: import substitution industrialization (ISI). It happened at the same time than in many other countries, notably in Latin America and the Middle East. In Spain it was a flexibilization of autarky. Cold War allowed
REP
发表于 2025-3-22 13:55:01
,Spain in the Golden Age : Reintegration into the International Economy (1960–1973),c prosperity in history—the Golden Age—was inaugurated. However, the Spain of the 1950s did not fully participate in the wave of general welfare, as it was too much autarkic. In Spain, the Golden Age would not truly arrive until after the implementation of the Stabilization Plan, that also was a lib
considerable
发表于 2025-3-22 17:50:01
,Economic Crisis and Political Transition (1973–1985), exceptional growth rates. It put an abrupt end to the Golden Age. In Spain this happened simultaneously to the end of the Franco era and the difficult transition to a new democratic regime. Weak political foundations explained weak economic policy reactions—notably high inflation—for a number of ye
独白
发表于 2025-3-22 22:26:32
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Endometrium
发表于 2025-3-23 01:33:09
,Spain in the Euro Area (1999–2017),credit, real estate and immigration boom, followed. Spanish big business went multinational for first time in modern history. Nevertheless, exceptional macroeconomic imbalances appeared that made Spain highly vulnerable. When the bursting of the bubble came, a major banking and building crisis and m
Sputum
发表于 2025-3-23 06:52:32
Balance of Two Centuries: Growth Engines and Economic Policies, paid to structural change and labour productivity distinguishing amount and quality of work. Second, it addresses the performance of economic policies, focusing on the two balances affecting growth stability: foreign accounts and public accounts. Both may build up major challenges to stability and