伪证
发表于 2025-3-28 16:18:24
General Procedure for ComparisonsAfter you decide what is to be compared with what, you should clearly define the null hypothesis. It is very easy to later become confused between the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis.
saturated-fat
发表于 2025-3-28 22:19:06
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obsolete
发表于 2025-3-29 00:24:46
Kurra Pallavi,C. Padmaja,Param Shiv Ashish correct. However, in statistical investigations there are additional sources of uncertainty, because of the need to extract a neat and useful conclusion from information that may be extensive and variable.
Goblet-Cells
发表于 2025-3-29 03:26:10
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胆汁
发表于 2025-3-29 07:58:03
Mohammad Khazab,Jeffrey Tweedale,Lakhmi Jaindata” or “new data” would have been more inviting, but I have to stick to convention. The purpose of this chapter is to explain the different kinds of data and present a number of definitions to be used in the chapters that follow. In addition, I will demonstrate how figures can mislead or confuse even before the statistical analysis has started.
Panacea
发表于 2025-3-29 12:52:01
User Identification by Biometric Methods,r has had the advantages of centuries of development of mathematics. Where possible, and usually by simply counting, descriptive data is rendered numerical. In addition, the frequent use of diagrams provides neat summaries of the data, though there are many ways in which diagrams can mislead.
痛恨
发表于 2025-3-29 19:05:45
Intelligent Systems for Crisis Managementor similarities. This chapter explains what can be learned from single values, pairs of values, pairs of samples, and sets of samples. In each case, the null hypothesis, that no difference is evidenced, is set up; and, by calculating the appropriate test statistic, it is established whether the null hypothesis should be accepted or not.
粗俗人
发表于 2025-3-29 21:10:54
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plasma
发表于 2025-3-30 03:01:11
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constellation
发表于 2025-3-30 07:18:50
Samplingt this will be so, or even check that it is so when the sample has been obtained. A judgment has to be made as to the adequacy of the sampling procedure in relation to the individual circumstances. This has given rise to many different methods of sampling to cover a wide range of situations.