Pandemic 发表于 2025-3-25 04:51:01
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Systemic View and Systems Thinking,asis of a common ‘code’, that is, on the basis of the formal apparatus provided by systems theory (e.g. Bell and Morse, 1999). The systemic view gives primacy to the interrelationships, rather than to the elements of a system. It is from these dynamic interrelationships that new properties of the system emerge.词根词缀法 发表于 2025-3-25 11:50:25
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Paola Puma,Antonella Trombadore 2001). This shift was caused by the changing nature of work from mass production, with essentially stable customer requirements and slowly changing technology, to the current situation in which every product supplied may be made to a bespoke design, and in which technological changes are continuousCursory 发表于 2025-3-26 06:26:18
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Paola Puma,Antonella Trombadore74), sponsored by von Foerster (Varela, 1996). Its roots lie in cybernetics and in the neurophysiology of cognition. The autopoietic approach was subsequently refined and developed over a period of five years (Maturana, 1975, 1978; Varela, 1979; Maturana and Varela, 1980a). Two readings edited by Zeexpire 发表于 2025-3-26 13:39:56
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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1063-2her. They explain the generation and renewal of variation by random elements and winnowing. Internal forces provide continuity to whatever survives the winnowing. Many of the economic evolutionary theories assume that individual learning, organizational adaptation, and the environmental selection of