Flatter
发表于 2025-3-25 07:11:37
Parasternal Long AxisThe parasternal long axis (PLA) is the first image in a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). It is an important window because it allows assessment of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and measurement of the LV outflow tract diameter (LVOTD).
抛物线
发表于 2025-3-25 08:03:17
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Consensus
发表于 2025-3-25 12:44:37
Ten Tips to Become a Better Security Tester, challenges to assess volume responsiveness (VR) serve no benefit if your patient is on the flat portion of the Frank-Starling curve. Moreover, additional fluid could be harmful if it results in elevated atrial pressure and venous congestion.
amphibian
发表于 2025-3-25 18:49:02
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recede
发表于 2025-3-25 22:20:32
Alexis Salerno,Daniel J. Haase,Sarah B. MurthiEchocardiography content customized for the needs of the Critical Care physician.Numerous case studies highlight clinical scenarios.Atlas chapters feature graphics to show the reader the relationship
Indolent
发表于 2025-3-26 01:27:36
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弄皱
发表于 2025-3-26 04:26:40
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运动性
发表于 2025-3-26 08:44:58
Florian Kunze,Stephan A. Boehm,Heike Bruch inferior vena cava (IVC). The IVC is responsible for returning blood to the heart and has been considered a surrogate measurement for volume status and volume responsiveness (VR), or the likelihood that the stroke volume will increase with a fluid bolus.
Introduction
发表于 2025-3-26 15:49:23
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crockery
发表于 2025-3-26 18:32:06
From Growth to Convergence: An Introduction,sing delta IVC to measure VR, so it should not be used alone to direct fluid management. We have found it especially problematic in patients who have undergone torso surgery or who have been vented using high mean airway pressure.