hierarchy 发表于 2025-3-21 16:54:11
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Practical Wisdom, or Thinking about What to Do,opted for the term “practical wisdom.” The modern meaning of prudence is so different from the meaning of . that any attempt to use the term will assuredly fail to communicate the richness of the Aristotelian tradition of human reasoning in action. Modern prudence is the pursuit of self-interest nar离开真充足 发表于 2025-3-22 07:39:14
Objective Functions and the Goals of Human Action,e reasons. Economists, desiring a parsimonious and mathematically tractable description of human motivation, assume the existence of a single-valued utility function: .(.). Aristotelians describe a manifold set of goods that are ordered hierarchically, difficult to measure, and perhaps incomparable,patriot 发表于 2025-3-22 10:19:57
Risk, Uncertainty, and Contingency,of luck, chance, and contingency. Both Aristotle and Aquinas lived in a world in which well-planned projects go hopelessly awry because of events that could not have been anticipated, in which what were good choices in the past turn out to be terrible choices in the present, and in which a person’soverreach 发表于 2025-3-22 14:34:31
Virtue, or Self-Government in Decision Making,te human action. Chapter 5 addressed the contingency that faces decision makers, contrasting it with uncertainty in economics. Although the Aristotelian treatment of contingency in Chapter 5 brings into play certain crucial virtues, we have not yet fully explored the nature of virtue in this traditimalign 发表于 2025-3-22 18:43:45
Putting it All Together: The Synthetic Character of Practical Wisdom, human action are too complex to be mimicked by a single-valued utility function; the contingency that confronts any practical decision cannot be fully captured by probabilistic and expected utility approaches; the internal conflict that attends most human action, and the role of the virtues in mana做事过头 发表于 2025-3-22 23:43:33
Where Does Practical Wisdom Reside?,f others, and the constraints on action. Moreover, they must often contend with and attempt to manage passions in themselves that militate against their good. Finally, they must put all of the relevant considerations together, take in the context of action at one glance, and act. Aristotle, Aquinas,中止 发表于 2025-3-23 02:45:50
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