FAULT
发表于 2025-3-21 18:33:18
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Pelvic-Floor
发表于 2025-3-21 23:56:18
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填料
发表于 2025-3-22 04:08:56
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annexation
发表于 2025-3-22 08:23:24
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喷出
发表于 2025-3-22 10:48:06
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infinite
发表于 2025-3-22 14:50:29
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虚假
发表于 2025-3-22 20:46:33
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Armada
发表于 2025-3-22 22:28:15
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矛盾心理
发表于 2025-3-23 05:10:25
Hypothesis TestingIn the preceding chapter, the theoretical basis of estimation theory was presented. Now we turn our interest towards testing issues: we want to test the hypothesis . that the unknown parameter . belongs to some subspace of ℝ.. This subspace is called the . and will be denoted by Ω. ⊂ ∝..
Allodynia
发表于 2025-3-23 05:55:27
Entwicklung und Situation des Baumarktes observations of a variable vector . in ℝ.. That is, we suppose that each observation . has . dimensions: . and that it is an observed value of a variable vector . ∈ ℝ.. Therefore, . is composed of . random variables: . where ., for . = 1, . . ., ., is a one-dimensional random variable. How do we be