哪能仁慈 发表于 2025-3-21 19:35:55

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Fallibility 发表于 2025-3-21 23:29:25

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Obsessed 发表于 2025-3-22 02:28:18

Physiology of motivation,ought. Conflicting with reductionism is the attitude of emergentism, i.e. that at any specified level of organization there are phenomena which emerge unpredictably from the interactions of the underlying components: ‘An emergent thing ... is one possessing properties that none of its components pos

Brain-Imaging 发表于 2025-3-22 04:57:39

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Inflamed 发表于 2025-3-22 09:04:31

haviour, how stimuli from the external environment in­ fluence these mechanisms, and how this behaviour is beneficial to the animal. The topic is thus central both to academic studies in psychology and zoology and to applied matters in domestic species. Motivation has not been an area of great empha

大方不好 发表于 2025-3-22 13:32:42

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敌手 发表于 2025-3-22 19:23:05

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猛然一拉 发表于 2025-3-22 21:51:20

Ethology of motivation,roduce a richer and more fruitful science of animal behaviour. Notwithstanding the anticipations of E.O. Wilson (1975), it is clear that physiology and sociobiology will not gobble up ethology from above and below.

贞洁 发表于 2025-3-23 05:18:13

Ecology of motivation,ay not be optimal. For example, the optima may shift seasonally or over longer periods of time. Phylogenetic, ontogenetic, or sensorimotor constraints on behavioural flexibility may limit the responses of animals. Additionally, optimization of overall fitness requires trade-offs among different activities such as feeding and reproduction.

过多 发表于 2025-3-23 09:26:56

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查看完整版本: Titlebook: Animal Motivation; Patrick Colgan Book 1989 Patrick W. Colgan 1989 behavior.ecology.learning.nervous system.physiology