大方不好
发表于 2025-3-28 18:09:46
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defibrillator
发表于 2025-3-28 18:57:11
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30324-4debate is Oakley and Marsden’s (1984) review of discourses and practices, in which they suggest four broad understandings: (1) informing and mobilising target groups; (2) community development; (3) organising target groups; and (4) empowering beneficiaries. They clearly favoured the last two, and cr
Adulate
发表于 2025-3-29 00:40:13
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失望昨天
发表于 2025-3-29 05:07:26
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-84188-9together some 318 households) are adjacent to a mangrove forest of 416 hectares, which provides forest products and environmental services that are a vital component of the subsistence livelihood systems of the villagers. The context for the collaborative management of mangroves at Kipumbwi and Sang
内行
发表于 2025-3-29 07:28:02
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-84188-9-participatory. That question appears settled: natural resource management is to be participatory. For almost a decade now, participatory management philosophy has been the dominant guiding force in the forestry sector in India, Nepal and Bhutan. For instance, community and private forestry are the
Arb853
发表于 2025-3-29 15:20:07
Allgemeine Optimierungsmethodenganisation, Oxfam GB. and some of its national counterparts. It describes a methodological approach to assessment of environmental impacts of community-centred development and elaborates on the impact of adopting this approach on local people’s livelihoods and environments and on organisational capa
LAVA
发表于 2025-3-29 18:25:42
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2否定
发表于 2025-3-29 20:13:16
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头脑冷静
发表于 2025-3-30 01:24:54
Allgemeine Optimierungsmethodenuses); as well as performing environmental services (indirect uses), and often having religious or cultural significance (non-use values). Even small ‘patches’ of forest may be used by people from several villages or hamlets; and different sub-groups within a particular hamlet or village may derive
吃掉
发表于 2025-3-30 04:53:17
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