Jogging
发表于 2025-3-25 04:33:57
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连接
发表于 2025-3-25 11:32:24
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遭受
发表于 2025-3-25 14:54:26
An Introduction to Epidemiology for Health Professionals978-1-4419-1497-2Series ISSN 1869-7933 Series E-ISSN 1869-7941
细微的差异
发表于 2025-3-25 19:45:16
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Peristalsis
发表于 2025-3-25 20:42:40
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连锁,连串
发表于 2025-3-26 03:20:03
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31639-6 but are only able to measure associations, and we have several procedures to go through before associations can be called “effects.” Measures of association emerge for all possible reasons and only some of these relate to “effects.” . is a causal word to be used with care.
Oligarchy
发表于 2025-3-26 06:50:16
Case–Control Studies. Most of the participants in the study will provide little information since they will remain disease-free. A case–-control sampling strategy may sometimes be possible and it can usually be conducted at a much lower cost than a follow-up.
Headstrong
发表于 2025-3-26 10:22:47
The Cross-Sectional Studyle determinants are all recorded at a given point in time. This introduces a temporal ambiguity in the possible cause–effect association and for this reason most . have survey purposes that are only descriptive.
engagement
发表于 2025-3-26 16:27:55
Confounding and Bias but are only able to measure associations, and we have several procedures to go through before associations can be called “effects.” Measures of association emerge for all possible reasons and only some of these relate to “effects.” . is a causal word to be used with care.
Inkling
发表于 2025-3-26 18:20:57
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