格言
发表于 2025-3-25 06:37:23
,Period of Deregulation 1985–2005,nating. Pushed by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, many African governments embarked on policies of liberalisation and deregulation. Hillbom and Green discuss the mixed effects of these reforms. While they dismantled the gate-keeping state and opened up for reform, they had limited im
antecedence
发表于 2025-3-25 09:54:21
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conformity
发表于 2025-3-25 13:58:28
Summarising the Past and Hypothesising About the Future,r Africa at last is growing out of poverty. The authors state that such a development requires for the African countries to find ways to move from natural resource-based growth spurts to economic diversification and transformation. They present various existing suggestions regarding how the future r
序曲
发表于 2025-3-25 18:32:46
2662-6497upper level undergraduates, MSc and postgraduate students, in addition to policy makers and development practitioners looking for a comprehensive overview of Africa from an economic and social perspective. Hil978-3-030-14007-6978-3-030-14008-3Series ISSN 2662-6497 Series E-ISSN 2662-6500
modest
发表于 2025-3-25 22:02:07
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Jubilation
发表于 2025-3-26 01:37:04
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赏心悦目
发表于 2025-3-26 05:02:57
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Cacophonous
发表于 2025-3-26 11:09:32
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gerrymander
发表于 2025-3-26 16:21:56
Helmut Habig,Jochen Berninghauscing modest industrialisation and most new jobs are created in the low productive service sectors. At the end of the day, most African economies and their people remain vulnerable for exogenous shocks and the road ahead is uncertain.
glacial
发表于 2025-3-26 19:29:24
,The Expansion and Crisis of the Gate-Keeping State 1950–1985,evelopment optimism that prevailed during the independence movements and first decades as free nations, turned into crisis and development pessimism. Neither political leaders nor the state apparatus could prevent the collapse.