craving
发表于 2025-3-26 22:45:26
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MOCK
发表于 2025-3-27 02:51:50
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Vldl379
发表于 2025-3-27 06:31:17
The Haken Method,Recall that a closed surface . in a three-dimensional manifold . is normal relative to a given decomposition . of the manifold . into handles if
Fluctuate
发表于 2025-3-27 09:30:54
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-94203-2n intuitive and illustrative level. Knowledge of the parts of mathematical analysis and algebra that are usually taught in the first two years of a university study is desirable and sometimes even necessary. But for a persistent reader, willing to take some trouble, the comprehension of the terms “l
漂亮
发表于 2025-3-27 16:18:01
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Kidney-Failure
发表于 2025-3-27 17:55:53
Methodische Anlage der Untersuchungies. Gluing by isotopic homeomorphisms gives one and the same result (this is proved below). It is therefore reasonable to investigate the group of homeomorphisms of a surface onto itself modulo homeomorphisms isotopic to the identity. Let . be a surface (perhaps, with boundary). The homeotopy group
blister
发表于 2025-3-28 00:14:18
Methodische Anlage der Untersuchunge edge onto the other. The space obtained from the polygons by identification of edges by means of all the chosen homeomorphisms will be denoted by .. As proved in Section 2.1, . is always a closed surface.
数量
发表于 2025-3-28 02:45:56
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乏味
发表于 2025-3-28 07:57:45
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ESO
发表于 2025-3-28 11:28:04
Der Diabetes mellitus in der Statistik,f how one topological space can lie inside another. The consideration of what at first glance seems to be a simple particular case—the position of a circle in .. or ..—leads to a very beautiful, rich and sophisticated theory, called .. A visual idea of a knot can be given by a piece of rope with the