Abbreviate
发表于 2025-3-25 06:46:34
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octogenarian
发表于 2025-3-25 07:37:10
Global Instability and “Monetary Regionalism”mong other effects, the government of the USA decided to abandon gold convertibility. Even a broadening of the exchange rate bands could not rescue the system. By 1973, the remaining European economies had also suspended the US dollar peg.
机制
发表于 2025-3-25 12:14:45
A Modern Exchange Rate Theory Perspectivef OCA theory is that integrating countries need to show symmetric reactions to external shocks and a high level of economic convergence in order to benefit from creating a common currency area. In line with this argument, first-generation authors identified three main optimality conditions for regional monetary integration..
achlorhydria
发表于 2025-3-25 18:57:37
2662-6675 ts. Interdisciplinary case studies on Southern Africa, Southeast Asia and South America provide a cross-regional perspective on the viability of such strategy.978-1-349-49107-0978-1-137-42721-2Series ISSN 2662-6675 Series E-ISSN 2662-6683
阻挡
发表于 2025-3-25 23:23:35
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12964-5s as the global financial crisis of 2008/2009. Broadly speaking, one may ask whether developing countries. and emerging markets should refrain from monetary integration initiatives, in particular since their financial market and macroeconomic conditions are comparatively fragile.
断言
发表于 2025-3-26 01:08:04
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43073-3, 2009). The literature unambiguously highlights the importance of well-developed financial markets, in particular the development of local currency-denominated financial instruments, as highly relevant to mitigate the aforementioned adverse effects on net wealth and monetary policy constraints.
MEN
发表于 2025-3-26 04:43:47
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single
发表于 2025-3-26 09:33:02
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使乳化
发表于 2025-3-26 16:01:43
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盖他为秘密
发表于 2025-3-26 18:12:29
Basic Structures of Contracting Problems and Indonesia — in 1963 (cf. Sandhu et al., 2003: 29 ff.). However, both arrangements were short-lived, largely due to border conflicts and political disputes. Nevertheless, the Association of Southeast Asia’s organizational structures are still represented in ASEAN.