Dorsal-Kyphosis
发表于 2025-3-23 10:19:38
http://reply.papertrans.cn/15/1421/142066/142066_11.png
Stagger
发表于 2025-3-23 17:08:05
http://reply.papertrans.cn/15/1421/142066/142066_12.png
四牛在弯曲
发表于 2025-3-23 19:43:01
Automata (Towards Automation and Robots)re costs associated with trading and servicing the policy and any relevant claims. However, insurers have the added complication of how to add this cost into the premium, as the risk costs for each policy differ. There are two main methods for including non-risk costs: a flat amount (e.g., £5 on top
交响乐
发表于 2025-3-23 22:45:40
http://reply.papertrans.cn/15/1421/142066/142066_14.png
美食家
发表于 2025-3-24 02:25:52
History of Mechanism and Machine Science to do this. While the math isn’t particularly complicated, this chapter does involve multi-step calculations. The broad outline of each method might be sufficient for your purposes but to get the most out of this chapter, I highly recommend that it is deferred until you have a pencil, paper, and ca
拔出
发表于 2025-3-24 08:46:33
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2253-0 perhaps investing in other people’s businesses—to receive a higher return. In this chapter, we will be considering how much money insurers and pension providers need to hold. Like most actuarial science, it involves balancing risk and practicalities. And like most Simpsons episodes, it involves a t
PHAG
发表于 2025-3-24 10:56:35
http://reply.papertrans.cn/15/1421/142066/142066_17.png
废除
发表于 2025-3-24 16:32:08
http://reply.papertrans.cn/15/1421/142066/142066_18.png
Liability
发表于 2025-3-24 20:58:50
http://reply.papertrans.cn/15/1421/142066/142066_19.png
外来
发表于 2025-3-25 00:25:32
http://reply.papertrans.cn/15/1421/142066/142066_20.png