KIN 发表于 2025-3-23 13:25:44
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http://reply.papertrans.cn/103/10281/1028004/1028004_12.pngITCH 发表于 2025-3-23 18:54:05
A Study of Public Procurement Fraud,tter understanding of both the offender-based and offense-based elements of this type of white-collar crime. Additionally, attempts were made to determine whether organizational behavior frameworks could be applied to these crimes in terms of motive. This research was guided by questions relevant to贿赂 发表于 2025-3-23 23:04:40
http://reply.papertrans.cn/103/10281/1028004/1028004_14.pngeustachian-tube 发表于 2025-3-24 06:09:54
Conclusion and Directions for Future Research, they are perceived to be compared with others. In their 2021 Corruption Perception Index (CPI), which ranks countries from 0 (very corrupt) to 100 (very clean/not corrupt), the United States appears to be losing ground. The most recent rank of 67 is down from 69 in the 2019 Index, 71 in the 2018 Invisceral-fat 发表于 2025-3-24 07:46:20
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aud and occupational crime.Makes evidence-based recommendati.Procurement is a critical government activity, yet very little scholarly attention is devoted to procurement fraud in public policy, public management, or public financial management research. While many publications focus on the stages ofAllege 发表于 2025-3-24 18:27:00
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http://reply.papertrans.cn/103/10281/1028004/1028004_19.pngblight 发表于 2025-3-25 03:09:55
A Study of Public Procurement Fraud, (1) which are the more common types of public procurement fraud, (2) what are the offender- and offense-based characteristics of these crimes, and (3) can inferences be made about the motivation for the criminal behavior.