aerial
发表于 2025-3-25 03:54:36
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conference
发表于 2025-3-25 08:18:44
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CT-angiography
发表于 2025-3-25 11:52:13
State Building and Urban Fortifications recurring conflicts with the Hapsburgs. Henri IV and his ministers, led by Sully, embarked on an ambitious program to change how the monarchy ruled the country.. These changes touched institutions at the center in Paris and across France as a whole, particularly in the towns. Centralization certain
Bph773
发表于 2025-3-25 16:55:31
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朦胧
发表于 2025-3-25 20:52:55
Opening Towns, Closing Frontiersom raised questions about the need to keep up urban enceintes. Local choices often coincided with royal interests, though benign neglect probably brought down more walls than active demolition. The collaborative nature of relations between the crown and towns became increasingly coercive under Louis
Tdd526
发表于 2025-3-26 02:31:49
Conclusion Palimpsests and Modern Trajectorieseval” walls of Carcassonne, a town located sixty miles from the Spanish frontier (hardly a hostile power at the time), with the clever argument that he was adapting them for modern weaponry. It was his successor, Raymond-Adolphe Séré de Rivières, the future ” Vauban of the .” who added detached arti
insecticide
发表于 2025-3-26 06:05:49
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宠爱
发表于 2025-3-26 08:58:02
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线
发表于 2025-3-26 14:03:22
Lords and Towns (1100–1225)eintes mirrored the reemergence of public governance. The control of church appointments, especially to episcopal sees, was particularly decisive and affected towns as much as it did feudatory rulers. On this score, the Capetians held a clear advantage in the regalian sees concentrated to the north
Incompetent
发表于 2025-3-26 17:36:15
Capetian Expansion and New Urbanism, 1225–1325ps or old lordly .. Yet as competition among feudatory rulers continued, and more brutal, large-scale forms of warfare visited new horrors on communities, towns began to invest more heavily in massive stone walls and towers for security. In time, the great age of cathedrals gave way to the hard time